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D. P. Snyder's avatar

Class is *absolutely* a factor. Social and economic justice and culture creation are inseparable, but many (most?) of the white-glove organizations that give out prizes, grants, book contracts, and so on favor those whom they know and the people they know are almost always as socially-economically privileged as they are. There are outliers, of course, like Octavia Butler who worked in a factory and then went home and wrote until she was able to support herself with her writing. I would argue, however, that Octavia would be unable to accomplish that feat today because her union factory job would be gone, her health insurance would cost too much, and the magazines she wrote for would not longer pay any decent fee for her work. For translators, the situation is even worse. Our profession is barely in demand or compensated in this xenophobic nation and remains the privilege of people with inherited wealth, economically stable mates, and/or university teaching jobs. I've been independently employed since 2001 and it's goddamned hard to find the time and energy to write and translate. I literally moved away from NYC to a small town in the South so that I could afford to write! And even so, my many publications barely garner a few thousand dollars a year, much of that income going to pay membership fees at such fundamental organizations like AWP, ALTA, and the AG, all of which are great and essential. But what person in my state -- or with even less income, for I am privileged compared to many -- can afford to go to a conference in another state to network? None, that's who. In short, when we put up with an economically unviable publishing landscape, we are de facto excluding the voices of the struggling and oppressed from any hope of success in literature and translation.

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Casey Jo's avatar

Oh Becky, this one hit so close to home for me. I grew up rural working class, and have had such a heavy chip on my shoulder for years about class issues. When I moved away from home to attend college, I never felt so ‘other’ than to be surrounded by kids of such means. It was a diverse group but they all came from a certain level of money, whereas I was there on a Pell Grant. I had to work my way through, so there were no football games and parties and generalized college fun for me. And the lit world came with a whole new set of rules and worlds that made me feel utterly unwelcome, so much so that it would take me another 25 year to return to writing and the literary scene. Even now as I submit I feel every acceptance as proof that I get to be here, too. It’s sticky and messed up and needs to be talked about in the light of day, so thank you for this, truly. I will say that I noticed Tiny Molecules offers something particular to working class writers in their submission guidelines, although off the top of my head and can’t recall what. I thanked them for that in my cover letter. Even though I’m no longer of that group, I will never escape the feeling of being so, of this constant drive to prove my own self-worth.

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Mark Danowsky's avatar

This is an extremely important topic and I have much to say.

I've written about this a bit... notably in a piece I wrote on my experience with Class Dysphoria.

My brief answer to this question:

"Do editors generally not consider poor people to be underrepresented in literature?"

Wholeheartedly, YES.

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John Kirsch's avatar

Poor people are invisible.

That's why no one sees them.

They get a glance, then nothing. Erased.

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Mark Danowsky's avatar

too true

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Jeff's avatar

It's shameful to be poor. Obviously. Is there going to be a poor pride month? Who is proud to be empoverished, to struggle to put food in front of your kids, to not have insurance? It's quiet. It's silent. It's not loud and proud. It doesn't get a parade. And yes, the irony is, those who need actual assistance--not the more abstract assistance of "equity"--don't get help.

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Trish Newbery's avatar

So well and so succinctly put, Jeff. I'll add that poverty is the very opposite of "cool".

I resist saying much more because I'm not American and, although poverty isn't cool in Europe either, the idea is at least accepted that the state or government (i.e. the better off) have a duty to alleviate poverty. How much is done for the poor varies over time and from country to country, but at least the principle is fairly generally accepted, whereas it seems not to be in the States.

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Sommer Schafer's avatar

I think you nailed it.

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Mark Danowsky's avatar

Notable comment about "Poor Pride Month"

It's worth a conversation about why we even need to have this conversation.

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Dan Alter's avatar

Juliana Spahr and Stephanie Young did a major piece of research on how class is the pivotal form of literary elitism. Every word is worth reading, but the key takeaway is that attendance at a handful of elite universities is the determining factor in who gets major literary prizes. https://asapjournal.com/feature/on-poets-and-prizes-juliana-spahr-and-stephanie-young/

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Alice's avatar

Thanks for linking this. Not surprising, but it's good to see it mapped out. And I know he's a saint to many, and I love his writing and politics, but George Saunders, for one example, has been king-making for years, and he SUNY to prize pipeline (Mary Karr is also there) has gotten a bit off-putting. Being a student of a certain professor puts people on the fast-track, and this would be fine in a peer-review-based field, where any work went through a rigorous test based on quantifiables, but art is so subjective that this smacks of nepotism in the worst way.

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Jeanne Blum Lesinski's avatar

Discouraging.

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Dan Alter's avatar

Yeah but good to have the direct picture

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Vicky Harris's avatar

Thanks for linking this, hadn't seen it. Academic/literary genealogy for sure.

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Chuck Augello's avatar

I love your comment about being a waiter at Bread Loaf! I suppose the honor is such that there's no need to tip. If I work hard, perhaps one day I'll earn a fellowship to clean the toilets there, and if I'm really lucky, I can wipe the leftovers from the plate of a "dream" agent or someone who's been published in The New Yorker.

One literary magazine that addresses the concerns of the working class is Blue Collar Review, published by Partisan Press. I've twice published poems in the journal, which gets scant attention from the wider literary community. Much of the work that appears in Blue Collar Review would be considered too unsophisticated for most lit mags, but so many of the poems have heart and emotional impact and they linger in your memory longer than most poems I read. They have a plainspoken dignity that captures the lives of workers and people struggling to stay afloat in the harsh capitalist world. You should feature them in one of your editor interviews.

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Shan Powell's avatar

A while back, I was in a writing workshop. I submitted a story for critique written from a redneck POV. The instructor cautioned me to be careful about using slurs like "redneck," although she saw nothing objectionable in the content of my story.

This startled me. I was raised on the land and off the grid in rural and remote areas across Canada because my father couldn't find work. I lived in trailer parks and campgrounds, and sometimes we squatted in people's yards living in an RV. One other person in the workshop was also a self-proclaimed redneck living in US Appalachia.

I do not use "redneck" as a pejorative, and think that those who do are engaging in classism.

It makes me wonder how many redneck stories get published. I know I've had a hard time with some of my stories written in Maritimes vernacular from the POV of redneck characters. I've had an editor tell me that I need to run my story through Grammarly. So yes, there's an elitism going on when the use of vernacular is deemed "wrong." That's how folks actually talk. It should have representation.

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Victor D. Sandiego's avatar

Good for you. Keep at it. Unfortunately, too many folks are worried about the possibility of offending someone in their readership. Life is filled with various shades of beauty and things we find objectionable. Stories can be too.

I say to treat readers as strong and capable. They're not going to wilt, but if they do, that's on them. We should present our stories in our truth with our vernacular, without intent of malice or harm. But somebody will be upset, no matter what. That's just the way it goes. We live in an age where offence demonstrates virtue.

Anyway, I applaud you. And again: keep it up.

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Marie Cloutier's avatar

Everything about being a writer costs either money or time, and many people who work for a living have little of one or both. I grew up working class and got the message consistently that my dreams weren't worth pursuing, that art and writing and all that were for other people, not for me. So you come to it late, you come to it without much support and you struggle to afford workshops, sub fees and feedback opportunities, and you struggle to find the time to even allow yourself the time. It can be a lot to push back against. And I'm one of the lucky ones- I had an elite college education and now live a comfortable life. But a lot of people aren't lucky and push back against it their whole lives.

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Nolo Segundo's avatar

Alas, it's true-- art, music, writing, don't pay much in general-- but if you can throw a ball hard, you get rich!

God, why do we get our priorities so wrong?

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Tracie Adams's avatar

I would argue that working class/impoverished writers are the only group of marginalized writers that should be given free submissions. I find it racist and discriminatory when mags offer free subs and special treatment for BIPOC, Asian, LGBTQ, etc because it implies that because of your skin color or sexual preferences, you can't afford a submission fee. If an Asian or BIPOC writer is unable to afford submission fees, then they would be covered under the one umbrella of "working class/impoverished." Right? Listing every possible marginalized group (disabled, queer, women, BIPOC, Asian, etc) seems ridiculous to me.

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Nolo Segundo's avatar

Right on! Asian-Americans [and my wife is one] have the highest income of any 'racial' group. And there are far more poor whites than blacks in America.

Why can't we just see people as people. as individuals?

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Tracie Adams's avatar

Amen.😇

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Michelle Castleberry's avatar

Hi Becky, I love your voice in the writing/publishing space. Thanks so much for highlighting this issue. Class consciousness seems to be one of the most stubborn hurdles in the American imagination. What's that quote about there being no poor in America, just temporarily embarrassed millionaires?

Thanks for what you do!

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Roberta Clipper's avatar

This is a good point. When I taught a course called Race, Class and Gender in America at a small university in New Jersey, class was the category that surprised students out of their assumption that there is no class in America. (That was before the 1% became such a visible category.) And those classes were varied--the kids of small business owners, working class and "white collar" parents, as well as students who grew up on assistance and were there on scholarship because they could not otherwise afford college. It took a lot of evidence to convince them that there were classes in America and that obstacles kept the poor from advancing into the middle class.

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Michelle Castleberry's avatar

That is fascinating! As a teen, I would get penpals from abroad (remember paper letters?). A guy from England asked me what class I was and no one in my family or friend group could help me with the answer, ha!

Also for anyone teaching working class issues and/or poetry, this anthology is amazing: https://www.rebeccagaylehowell.com/editorial

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D. Eric Parkison's avatar

There is so much that should or could be said about this topic. One thing I think should be noted immediately is that seeking racial, religious, immigrant, and refugee literature is, to a great extent, seeking working class literature. I don't think the literary community should reinforce the errors of our politics writ large where working class = white working class people.

Another thing that should be said is that there is no requirement that a working class person write to sound like a country song or whatever. I've always worked to write as well as I could about whatever topic that interests me. I grew up in and around doublewide trailers, truckers, factory unionsim and working class stiffs, but don't always -- rarely-- put them in my work. What does it mean for working class people to be represented in the magazines? That they do the writing or that they're in it? I'd rather it be that they do it, every time.

It seems understandable to me that there is overrepresentation of upper middle class people in literary circles for all the reasons we all know: they likely grew up in houses with more and better books, they likely could take the unpaid internship, they likely were encouraged to pursue a field that interested them rather than that which would lead most quickly to permanent employment. When I was in grad school for lit. theory, I remember sharing a dinner with colleagues who I loved very much. I was sincerely taken aback when one scoffed at the marxist pretensions of another, and said, "I mean come on, it's not like any of our parents came from the factory floor." In fact, my parents met on the factory floor.

I think thinking about this is really important because we want our literary community to represent real communities, not just the self-selected and self-funded among us. I fought really hard to pursue a literary and academc life. It's not going great but it is my engagement with the literary community that makes me believe it's still worth it. The goal, I think, would be to find folks with like trajectories and support them -- especially at the K12 level. My mom read to me and I had two really good English teachers, one in fourth grade and one in 10th. If I hadn't had that, I'd probably still be working at the McDonalds in town. My two cents.

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Roberta Clipper's avatar

I often wonder what my working class childhood means now that I am a retired professor who has moved in educated and professional circles for most of my life. Some working class parents read to their kids, read themselves, do crossword puzzles and maybe say, like my grandmother, "I'm proud you kids are going to college. I always wanted to go to high school." She had to drop out of 8th grade in order to make lace in a factory in Camden, NJ.

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Nolo Segundo's avatar

I can relate in part--I had a really good English teacher in high school, though I think whatever word-skill I might have is in part due to a severe language defect I had as a child: I essentially spoke gibberish, and the first doctors my parents took me to told them I was an 'idiot' --the medical term back in the 50's.--and should be put away for life. Thank God they instead got me years of speech therapy where I learned how to pronounce every letter.

And the reality is that most humans in the past 100,000+ years have been illiterate: when Tolstoy wrote, only 6% of Russians could read and write. Today, most people can read but what do they read? The internet? if anything....

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Timothy Kenny's avatar

Ageism is just as significant a factor, I believe. I try and keep my bio to six words, two of which are my name; then my state. My acceptance rate has plummeted dramatically in the last five years. And sure, it could be the writing but I read lit mags. Something’s off here.

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Nolo Segundo's avatar

I don't know how old you are, Tim, but I only became widely published in my 8th decade--close to 250 lit mags now in 21 countries-- so not all editors are ageist nitwits, thank God!

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Timothy Kenny's avatar

That’s a remarkable accomplishment, Nolo. I’ve had some success in decent mags (nothing along your lines however), but will soldier on nonetheless. Cheers.

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Shan Powell's avatar

Nicely done!

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Shan Powell's avatar

I just started writing seriously after turning 50 and now I am starting to get widely published. It's all in lit mags and anthologies, but I'm hoping to get a book out soon.

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Nolo Segundo's avatar

Thank you! I am much amazed myself this late on the merry-go-round of life....

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Abby S's avatar

Have a look at Thin Skin magazine (thin-skin.com) which showcases the work of older writers

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Cynthia Bernard's avatar

Thanks for posting this, Abby. I like what they say on their "About" page. Submissions are currently closed, but I will keep an eye on them.

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Abby S's avatar

Pleased to hear that because I have to come clean. I'm the Founding Editor of the magazine! We should reopen in a couple of weeks. I'm recovering from back surgery...

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Nolo Segundo's avatar

Yes, best fortune with your recovery [I had a bad back for 30 years until I started sleeping on a Tempu-pedic mattress.]

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Timothy Kenny's avatar

Abby, does your mag consider novellas?

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Abby S's avatar

Fraid not, sorry

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Cynthia Bernard's avatar

Hope your recovery goes well, Abby, and I'm delighting in reading issues 1, 2, and 3.

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John Kirsch's avatar

Ageism is absolutely a problem.

Too many lit mags run by snotty grad students.

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Marcia / Introvert UpThink's avatar

I don't know whether or not they're snotty, but for sure grad students will find it difficult to identify with the sensibilities of 50-plus writers. I can often tell when an essay writer is very young - like, less than 30. I'm sure they in turn can tell when a writer is no longer young. Does this make them dismiss older writers? Let's find out.

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John Kirsch's avatar

Submit your work to any university-based lit mag and tell me what happens.

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Shan Powell's avatar

One of my personal essays was nominated for a Pushcart Prize by a lit mag run by grad students: https://redivider.emerson.edu/saddles-in-the-kitchen/

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Nolo Segundo's avatar

Some young people have old souls....

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John Kirsch's avatar

Thanks. I love your essay.

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Nancy Chapple's avatar

I agree, I do too

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Shan Powell's avatar

Thanks! I'm glad!

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Shan Powell's avatar

For what it's worth, I'm post-menopausal and have had a few things published in university-run lit mags.

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Jeanne Blum Lesinski's avatar

Me too.

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Nolo Segundo's avatar

No doubt true, John, but I feel sorry for the young today-- they've been 'fudged-up' by their elders--parents, teachers, politicians, etc. AND we've made the world more dangerous than it has ever been in history.

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Dick's avatar

I don't experience this. Perhaps I have low expectations but my first poem was published in a major journal in my 68th year. Since then I've had about a 5% success rate at 2% (according to Duotrope) journals.

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Mark Danowsky's avatar

You're an extremely good writer, Dick. I think that's why. There is a tipping point where skill outweighs prejudices.

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Dick's avatar

So you weren't being agist when you rejected my first 12 subs to OneArt?😂😇🙂

And thanks, Mark. In my case, writing became a revelation — something that seemed to match the moment — in my life, in the life of the nation AND the pandemic which gave me more time to devote to learning than I knew existed!

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Mark Danowsky's avatar

Haha, very funny.

I do love hearing the stories about good things that came out of "The Great Pause" during the pandemic.

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Nolo Segundo's avatar

Yes, Mark, but is it because the world shut down, or because we all felt the tinge of a deathly disease wrapping about our shoulders?

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Nolo Segundo's avatar

Ah, I like that word 'revelation'-- I really don't know how I write many of the poems that come out of my head--mind--soul.

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Nolo Segundo's avatar

Hopefully, Mark....

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Nolo Segundo's avatar

I can relate-- I was first published at 70! Never saw that coming....

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M.E. Proctor's avatar

Lit mags are just following the political switch from class segmentation to identities. Politicians, essentially Democrats, found it more expedient to slice and dice the electorate along "identity issues": race, gender, sexual orientation ... it allowed for targeted messaging (it also diluted the Democratic message, something that's creating a lot of trouble right now), but targeting also means fragmentation, so you get the alphabet soup of for instance LGBTQetc. In the end nobody is satisfied and you start playing identities against each other. You can't say you support women when you get tied in knots about defining "woman". Abandoning "class" was a bad move, why people don't see that is beyond me. Poverty cuts across "identity", even if some groups are over-represented in the class. I always found "identity" reductive, while "class" isn't. Might be the old school socialist in me!

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Roberta Clipper's avatar

It's our culture. America pretends that we are a classless society, or, at least, has, despite much evidence to the contrary.

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RW Spryszak's avatar

"Might be the old school socialist in me!" I find myself standing beside you here.

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M.E. Proctor's avatar

I regularly find myself too much on the right for some and too much on the left for the rest. Must do something right....

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Nolo Segundo's avatar

I can relate in part: As a young man I was a socialist, now as an old man, a libertarian. wanting as much freedom as possible for everyone--though that also goes taking responsibility. I know, an old fashioned notion....

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Nolo Segundo's avatar

I know many have good intentions but honestly, I am damn tired of putting people in 'categories'. It is discrimination to favor any one type/race/group/sex/age/economic status over another. It is also condescending. Dickens grew up dirt poor, Blake died not very well off. Poverty does not stop someone, ANYONE from thinking, feeling, creating--and more than 'wealth' enables thinking/feeling/creating. If money can't buy happiness [and it can't], it also can't buy creativity. For real, guys.

And when you put people in groups, you are abetting the very thing you say you hate: prejudice. It doesn't matter who created what, because the only thing that really matters is that your creation, be it art, music, writing, resonates in another's mind--or soul, for those of us who sense a reality beyond the material world.

[ And I can tell you firsthand; the soul has no race, no sex, no age, etc. It just IS, endlessly.]

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Dan Alter's avatar

Wow Becky, thank you for this courageous and important post. You are absolutely right that class marginalization is a yawning, vast blind spot in the well-intentioned liberalism of the literary world (and beyond). It's so marginalized that it doesn't even occur to editors etc. that it's not in their view.

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John Kirsch's avatar

Class is the great unmentionable in America.

So of course that's the case in the literary community.

Which may explain why very little writing today mirrors the way people live and the problems they face.

It also explains the snooty, exclusionary nature of the literary community.

I wonder what Steinbeck and Dreiser would make of Bread Loaf. I can imagine the stories they'd write about paying to be a waiter. I wonder if they'd mention Marie Antoinette.

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